What is a Composite Flight Plan? The composite flight plan is a unique type of flight plan that you can file with ATC that combines both VFR and IFR segments. They are designated by either a “Y” (for IFR first, then VFR) or a “Z” (VFR first, then IFR) in item 8 of the ICAO…
Countries around the world are slowly deprecating old radio navigation aids in favour of using GPS for navigation. These old navigation aids include VORs and NDBs. However, GPS specifically is prone to spoofing and jamming. Resulting in aircraft unable to navigate properly. Since 2020, NavCanada has been slowly turning off and decommissioning VORs and NDBs…
Things take time in aviation and that is certainly the case with improving the state of Toronto’s airspace. As they say: “Time heals all”. The airspace review that was promised by NavCanada has been underway since October 2024. In order to do this properly a lot of work needs to be done: The Study will…
Here is AIC 005/2025 for reference. When trying to chart a three dimensional sphere (the earth) on a two dimensional piece of paper. You need two things: NavCanada already used the ICAO standard of Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) projections for all of its charts. Pilots use aeronautical charts based on LCC because a straight line drawn on a…
Humans have been using radios to communicate for over 130 years now. Ever since Guglielmo Marconi’s invention of the radio telegraph in 1894. From his humble beginnings designing his new radio in the attic of his Italian home to testing his invention by transmitting a signal over 2 kms a year later. Today our limits…
In no particular order here is what I think are some of the most interesting airports in Canada and why. If you have a cool or interesting airport you’d like to add to this list, email me or send me a note on Bluesky. Orillia Rama Regional (CNJ4) & Rockcliffe Airport (CYRO) Why: Both airports…
Flight school teaches how to to navigate long distances, ensure the weather will suitable for your flight, how to divert in case of an emergency, and how to manage fatigue while flying. However, if you are planning a multi day trip across the country there are a few other things you need to know: What…
NavCanada’s Operational Information System (OIS) outlines all of the traffic flow-related information for Canada and most US centres. It offers the following information that can be used by smaller operations, flight dispatches, and IFR GA pilots on: It also displays which runways are in use at airports and at what capacity (measured in aircraft arrivals/departure…
Uncontrolled airports are just that. Airports that have no control tower or a tower that is closed. At least in Canada, we have no specific laws that tell you how you should approach an uncontrolled airport to land. Let’s take a look how Canadian Pilots land at an airport with no positive air traffic control….
To view my full tutorial on how to use Windy for Flight Planning. See my previous blog post. Windy has recently made a (old) new model available for Canadian aviators to use for their short term flight planning: The High-Resolution Deterministic Prediction System. For years I’ve been touting the accuracy of the European Centre for…